Health state utilities in patients with diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular oedema and age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review

Poku, Edith; Brazier, John; Carlton, Jill; Ferreira, Alberto

doi:10.1186/1471-2415-13-74

Table 2 Summary of included studies

From: Health state utilities in patients with diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular oedema and age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review

Study reference, Condition, (number of patients)	Country	Mean age, years (SD)	Females (%)	Reference eye ( units of VA measurement )	Mean VA at baseline (SD)	Health state utility measure (Anchor)	Mean utility at baseline
Aspinall et al. [19]	UK	77.8	42	Binocular (distant) vision	0.49	TTO (perfect vision)	0.81
Aspinall et al. [19]	UK	(6.7)	42	Binocular (distant) vision	(0.43)	TTO (perfect vision)	0.81
AMD (122)				Binocular (near) vision (logMAR)	0.72
AMD (122)				Binocular (near) vision (logMAR)	(0.43)
Au Eong et al. [20]	Singapore	68.1	62	BSE	NR	EQ-5D^a	0.89
Au Eong et al. [20]	Singapore	(9.4)	62	BSE	NR	EQ-5D^a	0.89
				WSE	NR	TTO (perfect vision)	0.81
AMD (338)				WVA (logMAR)	NR	SG (perfect vision/death)	0.86
						SG (perfect vision/binocular blindness)	0.91
Brown [30]	USA	67.5	63	BSE	NR	TTO (perfect vision)	NR
DR (107)				WSE (Snellen units, feet)	NR	SG (perfect health/death)	NR
AMD (107)
Macular
Oedema (5)
Brown et al. [31]^a,b	USA			WSE^c (Snellen units, feet)		TTO (perfect vision)	NR
DR (28)	[Unilateral good vision group]	66	59		0.33 to 1.0
AMD (36)		(11)
Macular
Oedema (2)
	[Bilateral good vision group]	60	58		0.8 to 1.0
	[Bilateral good vision group]	(10)	58		0.8 to 1.0
Brown et al. [16]	USA			BSE (Snellen units, feet)		TTO (perfect vision)	0.74
DR (333)	DR	62.2	58		20/40
AMD (248)	DR	(11.8)	58		20/40
	AMD	73.2	43		20/45
	AMD	(9.8)	43		20/45
Brown et al. [32]^a	USA	67.5	61	BSE (Snellen units, feet)	NR	TTO (perfect vision)	0.79
Brown et al. [32]^a	USA	(12.2)	61	BSE (Snellen units, feet)	NR	TTO (perfect vision)	0.79
DR (170)
AMD (145)
Czoski-Murray et al. [21]^c	UK	32.0	51	BSE	NR	TTO (full health)	NR
Czoski-Murray et al. [21]^c	UK	(12.5)	51	BSE	NR	TTO (full health)	NR
AMD (108)
Espallargues et al. [22]	UK	79.6	58	BSE	1.01	EQ-5D	0.72
Espallargues et al. [22]	UK	(7.5)	58	BSE	(0.67)	EQ-5D	0.72
AMD (209)				WSE	1.68	HUI-3	0.34
AMD (209)				WSE	(0.75)	HUI-3	0.34
				Binocular (distant) vision	0.49	SF-6D	0.66
				Binocular (distant) vision	(0.43)	SF-6D	0.66
				Binocular (near) vision (logMAR)	0.46	TTO (full health)	0.64
				Binocular (near) vision (logMAR)	(0.88)	TTO (full health)	0.64
Lee et al. [23]^d	USA	75.4	50	BSE (Snellen units, feet) ^f	0.4	SG (perfect vision/death)	0.83-0.87
Lee et al. [23]^d	USA	(6.2)	50	BSE (Snellen units, feet) ^f	(0.41)	SG (perfect vision/death)	0.83-0.87
DR (58)						SG (perfect vision/unilateral blindness)	0.66-0.79
AMD (44)						SG (perfect vision/unilateral blindness)	0.66-0.79
Lloyd et al. [24]	UK	NR	NR	BSE (Snellen units, metres)	NR	EQ-5D	NR
DR (122)
Reeves et al. [25]	UK	NR	NR	BSE (ETDRS letters)	NR	SF-6D	NR
AMD (1,829)
Sahel et al. [26]	France, Germany, Italy	77	60	BSE	0.49	HUI3	0.48
Sahel et al. [26]	France, Germany, Italy	(8.0)	60	BSE	0.49	HUI3	0.48
AMD (360)				WSE (logMAR)	1
Shah et al. [33]^a	USA	67.5	66	BSE (Snellen units, feet)	NR	TTO (perfect vision)	NR
DR/AMD(150)
Sharma et al. [34]^a	Canada	67.5	64	BSE (Snellen units, metres)	NR	TTO (perfect vision)	0.78
Sharma et al. [34]^a	Canada	(11.9)	64	BSE (Snellen units, metres)	NR	TTO (perfect vision)	0.78
DR (105)						SG (perfect vision/death)	0.85
AMD (107)						SG (perfect vision/death)	0.85
Sharma et al. [27]	Canada	63.5	48	BSE (Snellen units, metres)	NR	TTO (perfect vision)	NR
Sharma et al. [27]	Canada	(12.5)	48	BSE (Snellen units, metres)	NR	TTO (perfect vision)	NR
DR (221)
Soubrane et al. [28]^e	Canada, France, Germany, Spain, UK	78.1	65	BSE (Snellen units, feet) ^f	0.6	EQ-5D	0.65
Soubrane et al. [28]^e	Canada, France, Germany, Spain, UK	(6.9)	65	BSE (Snellen units, feet) ^f	(0.7)	EQ-5D	0.65
AMD (401)
Yanagi et al. [29]	Japan	75.9	85	BSE (logMAR)	NR	TTO (perfect vision)	0.6
AMD (48)						SG (perfect vision/death)	0.7

Abbreviations: BGV bilateral good vision, BSE better-seeing eye, EQ-5D EuroQol, HUI3 Health Utilities Index Mark 3, logMAR logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, NR not reported, SF-6D Short Form 6D, TTO time trade-off, SG standard gamble, UGV unilateral good vision, WSE worse-seeing eye, WVA weighted visual acuity.
^aThe study participants had different ocular conditions including DR, macular oedema (undefined) and AMD. Sample sizes presented here are based on the proportion of patients with DR, AMD or macular oedema within the study population.
^bThis study compared utilities between patients with bilateral (n = 69) and unilateral good vision (n = 81).
^cIn this study, AMD health states were simulated by using contact lenses in a healthy sample of a general population.
^dOver 50% of patients had mild DR, while only 2 out of 10 AMD patients had moderate disease.
^eThis study compared utilities in patients with AMD and non-AMD 'controls’.
^fSnellen units were converted to logMAR units.

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